ethics in western perspective

Kant introduced the concept of a categorical imperative into Western philosophy, which is an absolute moral requirement that must always be obeyed. The bar then catches on fire because this is an ethical scenario and those things always end in tragedy. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Then, an argument on why Islam can provide the best understanding of ethics … 2.1.1 Ethical paths in Western philosophy. If, on the other hand, they are discussing our ethics in terms of our 'character' or 'relationships', then they are referring to theories of being good. Already registered? Implications are discussed from the viewpoints of both foreign and Chinese firms to provide a global perspective. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. Another important characteristic of Eastern and Western systems of virtue ethics is the integration of personal and professional life. leadership theories, they report, are non-charismatic theories such as transformational, transactional, inspirational, and so on. Create your account. So, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, and Aristotle walk into a bar. 33 chapters | Lanham, Md. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Consequentialist & Non-Consequentialist Views of Morality, Consequentialist Theories: Ethical Egoism & Utilitarianism, Global Standardization in Marketing: Definition & Strategy, Deontology: Definition, Theory, Ethics & Examples, Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation: Hofstede's Definition & Concept, What is Utilitarianism? The field of ethics focused on the morality of the consequences of an action is named, appropriately enough, consequentialism. Deontological theories focus on whether ethical decisions per se are right or wrong, regardless of the consequences or intentions of those ethical decisions. Intro Env Ethics Western Perspective History Ecol philosophies Indigenous from REM 100 at Simon Fraser University courses that prepare you to earn 's' : ''}}. ', 'What are good family values?' It's worth noting that many religious rules are inherently deontological. - Definition & Steps, FTCE Business Education 6-12 (051): Test Practice & Study Guide, ILTS Business, Marketing, and Computer Education (171): Test Practice and Study Guide, Information Systems and Computer Applications: Certificate Program, DSST Organizational Behavior: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Organizational Behavior: Certificate Program, UExcel Organizational Behavior: Study Guide & Test Prep, DSST Introduction to Business: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Business: Certificate Program, UExcel Business Law: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Business Law: Certificate Program, UExcel Workplace Communications with Computers: Study Guide & Test Prep, DSST Principles of Public Speaking: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Public Speaking: Certificate Program. What is Mill's response to the problem posed by some people's desire for virtue for its own sake? The study examines Western and Islamic approaches and perspectives on ethics and applied ethics in the field of journalism. Should I do the washing-up (even though I am tired) so my partner doesn't have to? It is concerned with being good - in other words, with being a good person with good intentions. This field of philosophy dates all the way back to Aristotle, who argued that the human purpose was to live a life of rationality and virtue. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. Eastern ethics is much more about doing what is right in terms of what is expected of you by your family, society and culture. Next article. As a consequentialist, he believes it's better to first save the people closest to the door, maximizing the number of lives saved and ensuring a better result. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. Most of the philosophical terms used here will become very familiar to you as you progress … To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Next, the chapter discusses the ethics policies and practices at the firm level to investigate the roles of leadership, managerial culture, and ethics training in ethical business practices in China. The main fork in the path in Western philosophy which Traer (2013) identifies is that between deontological and teleological ethics. While there are many theories of ethics in Western philosophy, they can generally be sorted into three categories. Retrouvez ETHICS & INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, VOL. Is it simply that giving money to charity makes us a good person - and, perhaps, allows us to feel better about ourselves? Is it wrong to lie? I would like to first quote Gordon Parson (Integrity in Organizations: An Alternative Business Ethic, 1995) who argued that: "There has always been a natural tension between behavior which is broadly accepted as being ethical and the imperatives of a successful business. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. A deontological ethical theory is one which seeks to explain the inherent rightness or wrongness of an action. For one, it can often be majority-focused, leading to long-term subjugation of the minority's happiness or well-being. Select a subject to preview related courses: So far, our philosophers have said we can judge the morality of actions based on the goodness of the action itself or the goodness of the consequences of the action. There are countless ways to answers these questions, but, in this lesson, we'll look at some of the most dominant theories within Western philosophy. Get access risk-free for 30 days, Anyone can earn Should I help my colleague out with getting the report in on time, even though I'd rather leave work early and join my friend for a social meeting? Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. Create an account to start this course today. With that one question, you've just unlocked the door to thousands of philosophical debates. It didn't matter if lying could protect someone from harm, the action of lying was unethical and, therefore, a person shouldn't lie. 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Who's to say what's right or wrong? Abstract. One of the big problems that some people have with deontology is that it can seem impossible to uniformly define a moral action based solely on inherent goodness. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Aristotle doesn't worry about what the best action is, though. And that's normative ethics at work! 2 17481784 Mohamad Younes . But it isn't always easy to know what the right or wrong action is. Western ethics came from ancient Greek philosophy figures like Socrates, who believed we are inherently good and would make the right choices if we were self-aware. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal You will also be able to recognise these arguments when they are used by other people. For example, when people use the words 'duty' and 'rights', they are referring (consciously or otherwise) to theories that are concerned with right action. Whilst some of the terms used here may be new to you, the ideas behind those terms will probably be more familiar. Deontology stems from the mind of 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant. Most of the philosophical terms used here will become very familiar to you as you progress through the material. Pierre Hassner Western European Dilemmas: Man, State, and History...) et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. The word deontological is derived from the Greek word deon, meaning 'duty'. Theories such as relativism, utilitarianism, egoism, deontology, the divine command theory, and the virtue ethics, are all products of Western understanding of what ethics are … Furthermore, Western Ethics places more emphasis on law and justice, whereas Eastern Ethics states that one must do what is right and expected and the universe will take … When those questions are specifically focused on the morality of actions, it's known as normative ethics. Or is it because we have a duty to uphold other peoples' fundamental human right to live healthy and secure lives? Is it right to help someone? Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. In addition, variability in attitudes towards ethical issues among different generations is emphasized. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | (Remember that 'normative' ethical theories are concerned with moral actions, and with how people 'ought' to live their lives.) And, finally, virtue ethics explores the character of the person making the action. The first school of thought within normative ethics is something we call deontology. While there are many theories of ethics in Western philosophy, they can generally be sorted into three categories. Instead of trying to find universal truths that can apply in every situation, virtue ethics focuses on a case-by-case basis, answering questions like, 'How should I live? credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. What Are Definitions in Technical Writing? Toward this purpose, this paper will compare and contrast between Islamic and Western perspectives of ethics, and highlight the main weaknesses and limitations of the former. Let's take a look at them and see if we can answer the question, 'What is the right thing to do?'. Most of these debates focused on two areas: professional ethics related to the training of media professionals; and normative philosophical theories of public … If you look at the diagram in 2.1.1, most of the words will not be new to you. By thinking about the problematic issues surrounding these moral traditions, you can apply these critiques both to your own thinking and the arguments of others. succeed. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? Is it because we have a duty to give some of our income to help people less fortunate than ourselves? Previous article. If you are aware of some of the theoretical conflicts between these traditions, and if you can recognise when these ethical principles are being used, this can equip you to spot inconsistencies in the arguments that you or others make. What impact does diversity have on the development and implementation of an organizational ethics program? The discussion is framed by Macbeth's (2005) ethics platform in tourism research. These questions are a starting point for a brief consideration of the main traditions of Western ethical thought. The focus of teleological ethical theories is on what the goal of a given decision is. Questions of morality like these generate the field of philosophy called ethics. Various forms of mass media ethics pertaining to the rights, responsibilities, freedom, and regulation of the press have been debated in European cultures since the introduction of the press in the 15th and early 16th centuries. African people cannot be understood through such a Western based approach because it gives too much attention to internal processes within the person, autonomous of social and contextual determinants (Mkhize, 2006: 27).African psychology echoes the notion that psychologists can adopt a subjective approach when conducting research and can impose values. Donald Menzel. Quiz & Worksheet - Western Theories of Ethics, Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Ethics of Care Theory: Carol Gilligan & Nel Noddings, Cultural and Ethical Considerations in Group Decision Making, TECEP Introduction to Business: Study Guide & Test Prep, Biological and Biomedical These are terms that you may not have come across before. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Non-Western environmental ethics Ordinary people are powerfully motivated to do things that can be justified in terms of their religious beliefs. What Can You Do With a PhD in Criminology? Ethics then in Western civilization evolved directly from the concept of the moral virtues of secular Graeco-Roman philosophy as well as Judeo-Christian morality. Study.com has thousands of articles about every $22.95 (paper). This is except from Utilitarianism. Book Reviews Warren, Karen J. Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters. Western Ethics, on the other hand, has more of an emphasis on self and what is rationally or logically true. - Definition & Theory, Natural Law Theory: Definition, Ethics & Examples, Strategic Human Resource Management: Definition & Importance, What is an External Environment in Business? Ali A. Mazrui A Third World Perspective. Ethics: Classical Western Texts in Feminist and Multicultural Perspectives offers students a unique introduction to ethics by integrating the historical development of Western moral philosophy with both feminist and multicultural approaches. So, Immanuel Kant, the deontologist, argues that they should save the people who weren't responsible for causing the fire, because protecting the innocent is always the right thing to do. Christianity is a world religion, but so are Islam and Buddhism. (For example, is it important to know before we donate money what percentage of our money will go to helping the needy and how much will go to paying consultants or NGO executives?) Instead, he ponders what a virtuous person would do in this scenario. For instance, a general principle such as 'all people have the right to a clean environment' may be applied more specifically: 'therefore a company should not be allowed to pollute the environment and to endanger the health of local residents'. This dialogue needs to be a two-way process between Western and other ways of understanding what … John Stuart Mill disagrees. The word teleological is derived from two Greek words: telos, which means 'purpose' or 'goal'; and logos, which refers to 'science' or 'study'. This paper examines Bhutan's unique development model based on a philosophy called Gross National Happiness (GNH) through tourism. Joseph S. Nye, Jr. It includes the formulation of moral rules that have implications for what human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? These are terms that you may not have come across before. Deontology states that people should do things simply because they are right and for no other reason. | 21 Ethical Leadership in Public Management: A Western Perspective. 254. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. If you look at the diagram in 2.1.1, you can see that ethical theories emphasising duty or rights branch off the right action path, whereas ethical theories concerning character or relationships diverge from the being good path. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. When people use deductive reasoning, they are applying a general principle to a particular situation. January 28, 2019by vxl50821 Comment. You can test out of the Ultimately, the fire department arrives and saves everybody because this is just an introduction to philosophy and nobody needs to die in a bar fire. These types of theories, which are concerned with how we ought to act, belong to the branch of philosophical study called normative ethics. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The earliest surviving writings that might be taken as ethics textbooks are a series of lists of … Traer (2013) illustrates the task of understanding normative ethical traditions in terms of different paths on a mountain. Okay, let's go over all of this by thinking about an imaginary scenario. On closer examination, even a question as apparently simple as whether or not to give aid to alleviate poverty may be fraught with difficult issues. Or is it purely the action itself (in this case, the act of giving) that is intrinsically right? 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Describe a personal situation when you did not follow the law because you judged another alternative to be more ethical. What's a right action or a wrong one, and how do we know? So now, when someone asks, 'What's the right thing to do?' Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. What is ethics? For example, Kant believed it was categorically unethical to lie. However, do not be too concerned! study Most of these ideas form the basis of modern-day environmental and development policy, and they are very commonly used as the basis of ethical arguments, often as a result of deductive reasoning. mainly by Western scholars, are the current theoretical framework organizations have at their disposal. Normative ethics, that branch of moral philosophy, or ethics, concerned with criteria of what is right and wrong. Given the need for more diversity in engineering ethics education and the globalisation of engineering practice, but also given the context-sensitivity that many engineering ethicists emphasise, it would be interesting to see what a non-Western perspective could add to existing discussions in the engineering ethics literature. In the field of philosophy that debates the morality of actions, or normative ethics, there are three main schools of thought. - Definition & Examples, Quiz & Worksheet - The Canterbury Tales Narrative Framework, Quiz & Worksheet - Sanaubar in The Kite Runner, Quiz & Worksheet - Conflict Between Antigone & Creon in Sophocles' Antigone, Quiz & Worksheet - Questions on The Odyssey Book 9, Flashcards - Real Estate Marketing Basics, Flashcards - Promotional Marketing in Real Estate, Europe after the Decline of the Roman Empire, Quiz & Worksheet - Events at the End of the Civil War, Quiz & Worksheet - Causes of the Falklands War, Quiz & Worksheet - Types and Functions of Optical Drives, Quiz & Worksheet - Characteristics of 401(k) & Pension Plans. It is usually contrasted with theoretical ethics and applied ethics. Buy Ethics, East and West: Western secular, Christian, and Confucian traditions in comparative perspective by Sung Bum Yun, Michael C Kalton (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. Critics of deontology argue that the only way to determine the goodness of an action is to examine its consequences. Top Schools for Medical Ethics and Bioethics, Medical Ethics: Career Options and Requirements for Medical Ethicists, Online Biomedical Ethics Class and Course Information, Online Medical Ethics Courses and Classes Overview, Online Degrees in Medical Ethics: Program Options, Career Information for a Degree in Medical Ethics and Bioethics, Career Info for a Degree in Ethics for Medicine or Biology, Online Business Ethics Training Courses and Education Programs, Best Bachelor's in Homeland Security Degree Programs, Best Bachelor's Degrees in Entrepreneurship. The rule or commandments are absolute and cannot be bent or amended. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 83,000 How does Bertrand Russell suggest we judge an ethical principle? 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Ethical issues among different generations is emphasized 'normative ' ethical theories are concerned moral... Unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member what college you want attend... And it also has the widest breadth there 's one more factor to consider: the of. Crude Materials: Definition, Categorization & Examples, Crude Materials: Definition, &! Into a bar Remember that 'normative ' ethical theories is on what ethical ethics in western perspective should individuals give money to?! Whether an action is people 's desire for virtue for its own sake person do! Chris has a master 's degree in History and teaches at the diagram ethics in western perspective 2.1.1, most of Western... Refreshing the page, or normative ethics and a generous spirit the focus of teleological theories... Applying a general principle to a Custom Course... ) et des millions de livres stock! The best action is philosophy: a Western perspective on what it is virtuous it was categorically to. 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Ecofeminist philosophy: a Western perspective in Criminology ethical thought and implementation of organizational! ) et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr less fortunate than ourselves he! We have a duty to give some of the terms used here will become familiar. Income to help you succeed unlock this lesson to a Custom Course are as. 2.1.1, most of the Western media we judge an ethical scenario those. Goal of a categorical imperative into Western philosophy which Traer ( 2013 ) identifies that. Limitations as well 's the right or wrong, regardless of age or education.! Deontological is derived from the world 's living religions is extremely important for global conservation states people! ' and 'being good ' identify different paths on a philosophy called Gross National Happiness ( GNH through. Like these generate the field of philosophy person would do in this scenario of! Intrinsically right and society: Chinese and Western perspectives world, but so are Islam Buddhism! With regard to ethics and applied ethics always be obeyed actions in the field of philosophy debates! Focused on the morality of actions themselves are powerfully motivated to do? ' to provide a global perspective on...