Supreme Court conservatives know that race and sex discrimination by the federal government isn’t barred by the Constitution’s original meaning. A pretrial motion requesting the court to prohibit the other side from presenting, or even referring to, evidence on matters said to be so highly prejudicial that no steps taken by the judge can prevent the jury from being unduly influenced. Glossary. Latin, meaning in a judge's chambers. A group of citizens who hear the evidence presented by both sides at trial and determine the facts in dispute. A transfer of a debtor's property made with intent to defraud or for which the debtor receives less than the transferred property's value. (There are official forms a debtor must use.). Permission given by the court to a person to file a case without payment of the required court fees because the person cannot pay them. If all the judges do not agree, the formal decision will be based upon the view of the majority, and one member of the majority will write the opinion. 5. The party who appeals a district court's decision, usually seeking reversal of that decision. An agreement to continue performing duties under a contract or lease. Akin to a preliminary injunction, it is a judge's short-term order forbidding certain actions until a full hearing can be conducted. In appellate courts, often refers to an unsigned opinion. Each jurisdiction has its own procedure for how court rules are promulgated, which is generally some combination of … All judges of an appellate court sitting together to hear a case, as opposed to the routine disposition by panels of three judges. An allegation in an indictment or information, charging a defendant with a crime. A written statement submitted in a trial or appellate proceeding that explains one side's legal and factual arguments. An agreement by a debtor to continue paying a dischargeable debt after the bankruptcy, usually for the purpose of keeping collateral or mortgaged property that would otherwise be subject to repossession. The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States, which relies on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. A series of questions the debtor must answer in writing concerning sources of income, transfers of property, lawsuits by creditors, etc. A penalty or other type of enforcement used to bring about compliance with the law or with rules and regulations. Government entity authorized to resolve legal disputes. legal writing: an overview. A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty which resulted in harm to the plaintiff. The third digit is used to designate the case type. noun an accessway for cars and pedestrians that is paved and that ends in a court or courtyard area. How to use style in a sentence. A senior judge retains the judicial office and may cut back his or her workload by as much as 75 percent, but many opt to keep a larger caseload. All legal or equitable interests of the debtor in property as of the commencement of the case. It also is used as a synonym for venue, meaning the geographic area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to decide cases. A complete collection of every document filed in court in a case. It is advice formally offered to the court in a brief filed by an entity interested in, but not a party to, the case. The document that initiates the filing of a bankruptcy proceeding, setting forth basic information regarding the debtor, including name, address, chapter under which the case is filed, and estimated amount of assets and liabilities. A party who has standing to be heard by the court in a matter to be decided in the bankruptcy case. No. A Bankruptcy Judge? Jury selection process of questioning prospective jurors, to ascertain their qualifications and determine any basis for challenge. A declaration made by a chapter 7 debtor concerning plans for dealing with consumer debts that are secured by property of the estate. Typically, the judge and the parties also discuss the possibility of settlement of the case. Designer Mark D. Sikes. Learn more. The policy-making entity for the federal court system. 2. A federal judge who, after attaining the requisite age and length of judicial experience, takes senior status, thus creating a vacancy among a court's active judges. Pablo Tarazaga-Orero, … Latin, meaning "of its own will." At the beginning of the trial court opinion or in a signed Appellate Division opinion, insert the last name of the judge who authored the opinion, followed by the abbreviation J.A.D., J.S.C., It ensures the uniform application of federal laws. Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case in favor of one side or the other. Nevertheless, the older quasi-medieval, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, An Enduring Discourse Community? A court reporter providing realtime, which is the only proven method for immediate voice-to-text translation, allows attorneys and judges to have immediate access to the transcript, while also providing a way for deaf and hard-of-hearing Americans to participate in the judicial process. A trustee's or creditor's objection to the debtor's attempt to claim certain property as exempt from liquidation by the trustee to creditors. The Star Chamber (Latin: Camera stellata) was an English court which sat at the royal Palace of Westminster, from the late 15th century to the mid-17th century (c. 1641), and was composed of Privy Counsellors and common-law judges, to supplement the judicial activities of the common-law and equity courts in civil and criminal matters. A debtor may still be responsible for a lien after a discharge. The availability and amount of property the debtor may exempt depends on the state the debtor lives in. Federal criminal juries consist of 12 persons. A judge's statement about someone's rights. The clerk's office is often called a court's central nervous system. Style of court synonyms, Style of court pronunciation, Style of court translation, English dictionary definition of Style of court. A release of a debtor from personal liability for certain dischargeable debts. A proceeding in which a criminal defendant is brought into court, told of the charges in an indictment or information, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty. 3. n. generic term for any filing of a complaint (or petition) asking for legal redress by judicial action, often called a "lawsuit." There are four primary styles of singles play in tennis: aggressive baseliner, serve-and-volleyer, counterpuncher, and all-court player. A person appointed in a Chapter 7 case to represent the interests of the bankruptcy estate and the creditors. A special type of chapter 11 case in which there is no creditors' committee (or the creditors' committee is deemed inactive by the court) and in which the debtor is subject to more oversight by the U.S. trustee than other chapter 11 debtors. Approval of a plan of reorganization by a bankruptcy judge. Contracts or leases under which both parties to the agreement have duties remaining to be performed. Most forms of ADR are not binding, and involve referral of the case to a neutral party such as an arbitrator or mediator. Representing oneself. A written statement describing the reason a debtor owes a creditor money, which typically sets forth the amount of money owed. Peremptory challenge . The Federal Criminal Court, the Federal Administrative Court and the Federal Patent Court hand down judgments in their areas of expertise. A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for a convicted defendant. In a civil case, the person or organization against whom the plaintiff brings suit; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. The characterization of a debtor's status after bankruptcy, i.e., free of most debts. A bankruptcy case filed either without schedules or with incomplete schedules listing few creditors and debts. In criminal cases, prosecutors must prove a defendant's guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt." Lists submitted by the debtor along with the petition (or shortly thereafter) showing the debtor's assets, liabilities, and other financial information. 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If you want to know the meaning of a certain district or municipal court's case number format, contact the court. The decision of a trial jury or a judge that determines the guilt or innocence of a criminal defendant, or that determines the final outcome of a civil case. Section 707(b)(2) of the Bankruptcy Code applies a "means test" to determine whether an individual debtor's chapter 7 filing is presumed to be an abuse of the Bankruptcy Code requiring dismissal or conversion of the case (generally to chapter 13). Made by a court order preventing one or more offenses to be performed delivery of writs or summonses to community! Whom or business to which the plaintiff has won statement by a jury or in... A dissenting opinion disagrees with the law or with incomplete schedules listing few and... Opinion for all classes such as Kings, Queens, Dukes, Duchesses etc estate. By panels of three judges uncovered area partially or completely surrounded by structures and legal issues to... 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