��� �C� @� 9�? This content is restricted to site members. A large MERS outbreak occurred in the Republi… During hospitalisation, Muslim patients’ modesty and privacy should be respected, and ideally, they should be cared for by a nurse of the same gender; this is particularly important in maternity or gynaecological care (Padela and Rodriguez del Pozo, 2011). ��� �C� @� 9�? National Records of Scotland (2011) National Records of Scotland: Religion. 2 0 obj Muslim patients understand that illness, suffering and dying are part of life and a test from God, and perceive illness as a trial from God by which one’s sins are removed; it is: Death is part of the journey to meet God (Lovering, 2014, 2008; Rassool, 2014c; 2000). Prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Europe in 2009 has risen to ∼932 per million population, carrying with it a 5-year survival probability of 48% [ 1 ]. The presence of the different groups of Muslims originating from South East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asian countries, the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, and North and West Africans varies depending on a wide range of factors, including: In the UK, there is also a significant number of British-born Muslims and those who have converted to Islam. •“In-Group”-Make statements that show an appreciation of the culture, “Tell me about your culture, I love learning about other cultures”. Amnesty International (2012) Choice and Prejudice: Discrimination Against Muslims in Europe. There are several characteristics of culture impacting the interactions between Middle Eastern and Western peoples. The left hand is considered unclean in many Muslim cultures. endobj Hardy AD et al (2004) Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo. �� �BO�f�;��� � ���s?|qu�W2�? ��� �C� @� 9�? Middle Eastern culture is very broad since it not only includes countries in Asia but also in Africa. ��� �C� @� 9�? Author: G Hussein Rassool is head of department, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Online University, and executive director and clinical consultant, Sakina Counselling Institute and Research. In: Rassool GH (ed) Cultural Competence in Caring for Muslim Patients. Conclusions Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ��� �C� @� 9�? Lovering S (2008) Arab Muslim Nurses’ Experiences of the Meaning of Caring. Compare how Western beliefs influence cross cultural understanding between Muslim/Middle Eastern patients and medical providers. Caucasian clients agree. Click here for a list of acceptable and forbidden medications. 21 Ethnicity and Culture. ��� �C� @� 9�? Al-Shahri MZ, Al-Khenaizan A (2005) Palliative care for Muslim patients. ��� �C� @� 9�? Additional suggestions from transcultural nursing experts form a data base for future research to expand the use of the currently limited components of NANDA diagnoses with culturally diverse patients. Muslim inpatients may receive numerous visitors, as visiting the sick in hospital is an individual and community obligation according to Islamic teachings. ��� �C� @� 9�? There is a common misconception that eating disorders only occur in Western civilizations, but eating disorders in Middle Eastern countries are growing. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus N Engl J Med. Delivering high-quality care to Muslim patients involves having an awareness of the ramifications of the Islamic faith and Islamic beliefs. Islam has rules about the types of food that are permissible (halal) or prohibited (haram). Relationships between Middle Eastern patients and Western health care professionals are often troubled by mutual misunderstanding of culturally influenced values and communication styles. Lovering S (2014) Caring as an act of spirituality: a nursing approach. KoHl Kohl is a dark eye-paint seen on Muslim women from the Indian subcontinent, North Africa and parts of West Africa and the Middle East. A study examining the healthcare needs of American Muslims found that, in addition to prayer and supplicating to God, imams, family members, healthcare providers, friends and community members played important roles in the healing process (Padela et al, 2011). ��� �C� @� 9�? Middle Eastern families in the U.S. who experience high levels of stress in raising a child with a developmental disability may seek and need more social and … ��� �C� @� 9�? The presence of uniform and accurate documentation provided by the utilization of the diagnoses assists in obtaining reimbursement of medical bills. Eye contact is also an issue during healthcare encounters. Touch - even shaking hands - is prohibited between members of the opposite sex, with the exception of immediate family members (Al-Musnad, 1996). Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)is caused by a novel coronavirus (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or MERS‐CoV). ��� �C� @� 9�? Literature review. %PDF-1.5 The world view of Muslim patients incorporates the notion of receiving illness and death with patience, meditation and prayers (Rassool, 2000). 12. Journal of Advanced Nursing; 32: 6, 1476-1484. Nursing. Treating Middle Eastern Patients. Citation: Rassool GH (2015) Cultural competence in nursing Muslim patients. ��� �C� @� 9�? Even though most of the inhabitants are Muslims, some practice Christianity. f֢oh9I0S}��g�u�3�9��?���қ�Pob0M�/QR�����g���������cRb���u'N�W�/�����M���I���u��2��y9�#���\N��c(�=j����ūIf����^>�nm� J��5b��!-1c}����(� ��� �C� @� 9�? ��� �C� @� 9�? The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. The main diagnoses achieved in our study was: Readiness for Enhanced Coping. phasis. This diversity means that caring for Muslim patients presents constant challenges to nurses and healthcare providers (Rassool, 2014a). It appears that nurses have three options. Many Muslim patients have diabetes and may use honey as a traditional remedy. Our members represent more than 60 professional nursing specialties. Oxford: Picker Insitute Europe. Unit 1 – (Basic) Introduction of Culture and Patient Care Review history of Muslim people in the United States and Michigan . ��� �C� @� 9�? ��� �C� @� 9�? Although some Muslim patients are excused for health reasons, many want to fast during Ramadan, including those with diabetes. �7?��g�Ğ���r� DS������� 0p�V�:���ۜ � �K��]�ۜ � ˇ�w�2Q�u'��+@� � ����ビe��b� ��=����w��@� ��x�E��ow@� �@�� h������>U���� 4 0 obj Rassool GH (2000) The crescent and Islam: healing, nursing and the spiritual dimension. As a premier theory in nursing, culture care is greatly. ��� �C� @� 9�? endobj The process enables nurses to implement interventions with predictable outcomes. east: induce mind-body self-healing and west: give mind/body what it lacks Not surprisingly, the goals of these medicines are as different as the cultures they come from. Pre-dawn and post-evening meals should be tailored, for example including carbohydrates that release energy slowly in the pre-dawn meal. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) has been making headlines since 2012 when it was first discovered in Saudi Arabia. ��� �C� @� 9�? The importance of “breaking the fast” should be emphasised if blood glucose levels fall, placing the individual at risk of a hypoglycaemic condition. if you are to make a diagnosis "cultural" you need to do it through your assessment and nursing interventions that are customized to the patient's cultural practices. In spite of this, there is some homogeneity within Muslim communities with regard to: Having an understanding of these perspectives should inform health professionals’ efforts to achieve cultural competence and deliver care that is culturally sensitive (Rassool, 2014b). 4nai姯O���ӝ�ox� h̳���_�-'@wA�? Know the concepts behind writing NANDA nursing diagnosis in this ultimate tutorial and nursing diagnosis list (now updated for 2021). Since 1997, allnurses is trusted by nurses around the globe. Nursing Times; 111: 14, 12-15. However, cautery should not be used without consulting an appropriate health professional about its safety. East Asia has historically unique concepts of health and well-being and thus is an appropriate setting for exploring the multicultural applicability of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association’s Nursing Diagnoses (NANDA ND) system. May 18, 2016 | Industry Insider | 0 | The nuances of diverse cultural mores and personal preferences present unique challenges for aesthetic practitioners when dealing with Middle Eastern. ��� �C� @� 9�? Nursing Diagnosis. Guery B, et al. ��� �C� @� 9�? Biomedical refers to the belief system generally held in the US in which life “is controlled by a series of physical and biochemical processes that can be studied and manipulated by … The first is to develop a new taxonomy. Examine how Islamic Law and the five pillars of Islamic faith impact personal beliefs and medical relevance. Journal of Medical Ethics; 37 1, :40-44. For example, if we take Europe as a whole, its people meet death and behave differently from the people of the Middle East. ��� �C� @� 9�? ��� �C� @� 9�? Kohl is a dark eye-paint seen on Muslim women from the Indian subcontinent, North Africa and parts of West Africa and the Middle East. However, there is a great diversity of cultural, ethnic and linguistic groups within Muslim communities, each of which has its own cultural characteristics and world view of health and illness. Islamic Online University. Where gender-specific care is not possible, a male nurse caring for a female patient should always be joined by a female staff member or one of the patient’s adult relatives (Al-Shahri and Al-Khenaizan, 2005). endobj While medications to treat the sick are permissible, it is forbidden (haram) to use prohibited products that are alcohol, gelatine or pork based. A personal approach and continuity of care by the same health care professional help to bridge the gap between Middle Eastern Generally, religious or Islamic practices have roots in the Qur’an and traditions - or Sunnah, the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be Upon Him) (Rassool, 2014c). According to Philips (2007), “Islamic culture represents the traditions and customs which evolve from day-to-day practice of people following the authentic teachings of Islam. ��� �C� @� 9�? ��� �C� @� 9�? 3 0 obj ��� �C� @� 9�? There are many ways in which culture can influence mental health issues. ��� �C� @� 9�? Treating Middle Eastern Patients. Halligan P (2006) Caring for patients of Islamic denomination: critical care nurses’ experiences in Saudi Arabia. ��� �C� @� 9�? However, although nurses need some familiarity with Muslims’ rites of passage from birth to death, overly simplified summaries of Islam and health practices risk reinforcing stereotypes and prejudices (Rassool, 2014a). A small study involving 48 patients found that honey can have beneficial effects on body weight and blood lipids, although cautious consumption by patients with diabetes is recommended as an increase in the hemoglobin A(1C) levels was observed (Bahrami et al, 2009). A recent outbreak of MERS has occurred in the Republic of Korea affecting 150 people and claiming the lives of over a dozen to date. While nursing historians in Europe and America identify Florence Nightingale as the founder of modern nursing, Middle Eastern countries attribute this status to Rufaida, a Muslim nurse . Hassanein MM (2010) Diabetes and Ramadan: how to achieve a safer fast for Muslims with diabetes. ��� �C� @� 9�? x���]o�0��#�?��N�;��J%@�mLtA�E����I��n꿟���&$���9�y�h�yz;ry �I Refugee flows (Amnesty International, 2012). Many Muslims may refuse to eat hospital food if it is non-halal and may prefer to have meals brought from home. ��� �C� @� 9�? London: Amnesty International. Standing very close to the patient frequently indicates acceptance. Rassool GH (2014c) Muslim and the Islamic faith: an introduction. Data Synthesis. endobj Chinese nurses perceive surveillance and protection as dominant caring modes. allnurses is a Nursing Career & Support site. However, some of the kohl on the market is contaminated with lead, which is highly toxic, and thus carries a risk of lead poisoning and lead intoxication, especially to children. ��� �C� @� 9�? Whether Muslims live in “nuclear” units of parents and children, as extended families or separately, the extended family is usually consulted in all decisions. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal; 6: 2, 71-76. If this is not possible and halal food is not available, they should be given the option of having seafood, eggs, fruits and vegetables. Some of the cultural or pre-Islamic practices observed by Muslims are given an Islamic dimension even though they are not Islamic practices (Box 1). ��� �C� @� 9�? ��� �C� @� 9�? ��� �C� @� 9�? endobj 2. Direct eye contact should not be prolonged with this patient as it can be associated with rudeness, arrogance, challenge, or sexual interest. A practical way of ensuring health professionals have enough information would be for the British National Formulary or other alternative to clearly indicate which preparations contain blood, animal and alcohol derivatives, and, where possible, suggest suitable alternatives (Gatrad et al, 2005). 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